Thermoregulation and Hydration in Aging Adults

As we get older, our body's ability to regulate internal temperature within an optimal range becomes more compromised. Several factors contribute to this: reduced subcutaneous tissue and thinner skin hinder the conduction of heat or cold. Older adults often use more various medications which affect renal function directly ( i.e. diuretics and some classes of antihypertensives ) or indirectly - facilitating clearance of medications for example.

High Florida humidity impairs our natural cooling process by what is called "hot bulb" effect -when outside humidity prevents out own bodies sweat evaporation and thus limits cooling. On top of these - older adults have less intense thirst which leads to smaller intake.

Why Proper Hydration important?

• Controlling body temperature

• Transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells

• Elimination of waste and toxins

• Lubricating joints

• Maintaining healthy skin

Watching out for early signs of dehydration and overheating is extremely important as early recognition can prevent serious complications.

Watch out for signs of dizziness, lightheartedness, dry lips or mucous membranes, decreased urine output or dark urine. Other symptoms include increased thirst, headache and even confusion.

It is important to remember for families of patients with cognitive decline, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease to remind their loved ones to drink adequate amounts of water and electrolyte packed fluids, especially in hot climates. People with cognitive decline or disability have a higher risk of forgetting to stay hydrated.

Avoid alcohol and coffee, as these only increase fluid elimination acting as diuretics. I remind my patients, as a rule, for each cup of coffee to drink at least one cup of water.

We can rate heat effects by severity:

• Heat exhaustion. (characterized by profuse sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea and fainting.)

• Heat stroke. (A serious condition that occurs when the body cannot regulate its temperature. Symptoms include high fever, confusion and loss of consciousness; in extreme cases, it can be fatal.)

• Chronic dehydration. ( This can lead to organic system failures if left unchecked and uncorrected: AKI (acute kidney injury) may develop with affect on cardiovascular system. Sodium levels outside of normal can also result in development of confusion and other neurologic symptoms).

It is undeniable that heat is becoming new evolving and more persistent threat for very young and very old population as well as people with chronic conditions. Studies from the University of Florida IFAS Extension show that adults aged 65 and older account for roughly 27% of all natural heat-related deaths in the state. And these statistics not limited to Florida only.

Let's stay hydrated, prevent avoidable complications and stay healthy!